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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 12-17, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973876

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the frequency of toxic retinopathy in patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis with long-term use of chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine through spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the outcomes of ophthalmological exams (visual acuity - Snellen's table, color vision test - Ishihara's table, fundoscopy, and retinography - red-free). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the ophthalmologic evaluation of patients using regular chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine for a period of 1 year or longer. The patients completed a questionnaire on their opinions and treatment regularity. The same patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The prevalence of toxic retinopathy caused by antimalarials was 4.15% (9 of 217 patients), 7.4% (4 of 54 patients) following chloroquine diphosphate usage, and 0.82% (1 of 121 patients) following hydroxychloroquine usage. Only patients with advanced stage maculopathy presented abnormalities during the ophthalmologic exam: the color vision test was altered in 11.1%, and visual acuity and fundoscopy were altered in 33.3%. Identification of early toxic retinopathy, detected in six patients, was possible using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The mean duration of antimalarial drug usage among patients with toxic retinopathy was 10.4 years. Only 31% of the patients reported some symptoms during treatment, and although 24% were afraid to use the medication, they did so as prescribed. Conclusion: Use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography was essential for the diagnosis of early-stage antimalarial toxic retinopathy in patients with the following characteristics: asymptomatic, antimalarial use 7 days a week for a period of more than 5 years, and normal clinical ophthalmologic examination.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a frequência da retinopatia tóxica em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso e artrite reumatóide com uso crônico de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e os resultados dos exames oftalmológicos (acuidade visual - tabela de Snellen, teste de visão de cor - tabela de Ishihara, fundoscopia e retinografia - red free). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo a avaliação oftalmológica de pacientes em uso regular de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina por um período de um ano ou mais. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário sobre a sua opinião e regularidade do tratamento. Os mesmos pacientes realizaram exame oftalmológico clínico e tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. Resultados: A prevalência de retinopatia tóxica por antimaláricos foi de 4,15% (9 dos 217 pacientes), 7,4% (4 de 54 pacientes) após uso de difosfato de cloroquina e 0,82% (1 de 121 pacientes) após uso de hidroxicloroquina. Apenas os pacientes com maculopatia em fase avançada apresentaram alterações durante os exames clínicos: teste de visão de cores alterado em 11,1%, e a acuidade visual e fundoscopia foram alteradas em 33,3%. A identificação de retinopatia tóxica precoce, detectada em seis pacientes, foi possível por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. A duração média do tempo de uso de drogas antimaláricas entre os pacientes com retinopatia tóxica foi de 10,4 anos. Apenas 31% dos pacientes relataram algum sintoma durante o tratamento e apesar de 24% terem medo de usar a medicação, eles o fizeram conforme prescrito. Conclusão: O uso da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foi essencial para o diagnóstico de retinopatia tóxica antimalárica em estágio inicial em pacientes com as seguintes características: uso assintomático, antimalárico 7 dias por semana por um período maior que cinco anos e exame oftalmológico clínico normal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chloroquine/analogs & derivatives , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Antimalarials/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Visual Acuity , Chloroquine/adverse effects , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
2.
J. appl. oral sci ; 27: e2018357, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-984572

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To perform a systematic review of test methodologies on conventional restorative glass-ionomer cement (GIC) materials for mechanical and optical properties to compare the results between different GICs. Material and Methods Screening of titles and abstracts, data extraction, and quality assessments of full-texts were conducted in search for in vitro studies on conventional GICs that follow the relevant specifications of ISO standards regarding the following mechanical and optical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, color, opacity and radiopacity. Sources The Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) databases from Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) and PubMed/Medline (US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health) databases were searched regardless of language. Altogether, 1146 in vitro studies were selected. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the articles according to pre-established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Among all the properties investigated, only one study was classified as being of fair quality that tested compressive strength and was included. It was observed that many authors had not strictly followed ISO recommendations and that, for some properties (diametral tensile strength and microhardness), there are no guidelines provided. Conclusions It was not possible to compare the results for the mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative GICs due to the lack of standardization of studies.


Subject(s)
Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Materials Testing , Color , Compressive Strength , Flexural Strength , Glass Ionomer Cements/standards
3.
J. appl. oral sci ; 22(5): 397-422, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-729852

ABSTRACT

Identifying caries risk factors is an important measure which contributes to best understanding of the cariogenic profile of the patient. The Cariogram® software provides this analysis, and protocols simplifying the method were suggested. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether a newly developed Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) form based on the Cariogram® software could classify schoolchildren according to their caries risk and to evaluate relationships between caries risk and the variables in the form. Material and Methods: 150 schoolchildren aged 5 to 7 years old were included in this survey. Caries prevalence was obtained according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II. Information for filling in the form based on Cariogram® was collected clinically and from questionnaires sent to parents. Linear regression and a forward stepwise multiple regression model were applied to correlate the variables included in the form with the caries risk. Results: Caries prevalence, in primary dentition, including enamel and dentine carious lesions was 98.6%, and 77.3% when only dentine lesions were considered. Eighty-six percent of the children were classified as at moderate caries risk. The forward stepwise multiple regression model result was significant (R2=0.904; p<0.00001), showing that the most significant factors influencing caries risk were caries experience, oral hygiene, frequency of food consumption, sugar consumption and fluoride sources. Conclusion: The use of the form based on the Cariogram® software enabled classification of the schoolchildren at low, moderate and high caries risk. Caries experience, oral hygiene, frequency of food consumption, sugar consumption and fluoride sources are the variables that were shown to be highly correlated with caries risk. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dental Caries/etiology , Software Validation , Brazil/epidemiology , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects , Epidemiologic Methods , Oral Hygiene , Risk Assessment/methods , Salivation/physiology
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 72(5): 341-343, set.-out. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690708

ABSTRACT

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by five fundamental features, the "Pentad of Niikawa": dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental retardation and postnatal growth deficiency. Patients present characteristic external ocular features, nonetheless they may also present significant ocular abnormalities. We report a case of a brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, addressing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the ocular manifestations. This case highlights the existence of this syndrome and all of its complexity. The identification of preventable causes of loss of vision underlines the value of detailed ophthalmologic examination of Kabuki syndrome patients.


A síndrome de Kabuki é uma anomalia congênita rara, caracterizada por cinco aspectos fundamentais a "Pêntade de Niikawa": face dismórfica, anomalias esqueléticas, alterações dermatoglíficas, retardo mental leve a moderado e retardo de crescimento pós-natal. Os pacientes apresentam aspectos oculares externos característicos. Além disso, também podem apresentar anormalidades oculares significativas. Reportamos um caso de uma criança brasileira diagnosticada com síndrome de Kabuki, relatando os aspectos clínicos observados, com ênfase nas manifestações oculares. Esse caso chama a atenção para a existência dessa síndrome e toda sua complexidade. A identificação de causas evitáveis de perda de visão reforça a importância do exame oftalmológico detalhado de pacientes com síndrome de Kabuki.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Coloboma , Congenital Abnormalities , Glaucoma , Myopia , Strabismus , Syndrome
5.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 12(3): 337-343, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874740

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da escova ecológica e do juá na remoção do biofilme dentário de crianças assistidas em abrigo do Município de Caruaru-PE, Brasil. Método: Oitenta crianças foram divididas de forma aleatória em 4 grupos (n=20), sendo um controle - G1: escova e creme dental convencional (EC+CD) e três experimentais - G2: escova convencional e juá (EC+J), G3: "escova ecológica" e creme dental (EE+CD) e G4: "escova ecológica" e juá (EE+J). O estudo compreendeu quatro etapas: uma avaliação inicial do Índice de biofilme e três avaliações com intervalos de 15, 30 e 45 dias. As crianças receberam os kits de higienização correspondentes ao grupo ao qual foram destinadas, e após a utilização dos métodos foram obtidos novos índices de biofilme dentário de acordo com os períodos pré-estabelecidos.Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e foram utilizados os testes: F (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas e t-Student com variâncias iguais ou desiguais. O nível de significância utilizado na decisão dos testes estatísticos foi de 5%. O software estatístico utilizado foi o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) na versão 15. Resultados: Em todos os grupos o índice de biofilme apresentou maiores médias na avaliação inicial. Diferenças significativas foram evidenciadas em relação à avaliação inicial (p menor que 0,001) para todos os grupos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante do grupo controle com os demais grupos. Conclusão: Apesar dos métodos alternativos apresentarem menor eficácia que o convencional, também reduzem os índices de biofilme dentário, mostrando-se como alternativas eficazes e de baixo custo.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the ecological toothbrush and "juá" on dental biofilm removal in children treated at a homeless shelter in the city of Caruaru-PE, Brazil. Method: Eighty children were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=20), being a control (G1): conventional toothbrush and conventional dentifrice (CT+CD); and three experimental groups: G2: conventional toothbrush and "juá" (CT+J), G3: ecological toothbrush and conventional dentifrice (ET+CD) and G4: ecological toothbrush and "juá" (ET+J). The study comprehended four stages: an initial evaluation of the dental biofilm index and three evaluations at intervals of 15, 30 and 45 days. The children received the hygiene kits corresponding to the group to which they belonged. After use of the methods, new dental biofilm indexes were obtained according to the pre-established periods. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the following tests were used: F test (repeated-measures ANOVA) and Student's t-test with equal and unequal variances. A level of significance of 5% was adopted and the SPSS statistical software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 15; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Results: In all groups, the dental biofilm index presented the highest means in the initial evaluation. Significant differences were found in comparison with the initial evaluation (p less than 0.001) for all groups. There was statistically significant difference between the control group and all other groups. Conclusion: Although the alternative methods presented lower efficacy than the conventional method, there was also a reduction in the dental biofilm indexes, presenting as effective and inexpensive options.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Toothbrushing , Oral Hygiene/education , Oral Hygiene , Dental Plaque/pathology , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Analysis of Variance , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
6.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 31(1): 90-101, jan.-jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-478111

ABSTRACT

Considerando a escassez de dados sobre o tratamento realizado pelos hipertensos nas unidades de saúde de São Luís (MA), este estudo procura identificar as drogas mais utilizadas por esta população, as associações entre as drogas, em que estágio pressórico estão estes pacientes, bem como estimar a adesão ao tratamento realizado. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 462 pacientes cadastrados no Programa de Hipertensão em Unidades de Saúde de São Luís, com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) há mais de 6 meses, maiores de 18 anos de idade e com capacidade mental para participar da pesquisa. As variáveis utilizadas incluíam tempo de hipertensão, adesão ao tratamento, drogas mais utilizadas e suas associações. Além disso, realizou-se exame físico que constava em: aferição da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial, mensuração do quadril e da cintura para realização de seu índice, verificação de peso e altura. A taxa de adesão encontrada foi de 75por cento, um valor provavelmente superestimado. Observou-se que o esquema mais utilizado era a monoterapia, sendo o captopril a droga mais prescrita neste esquema (65por cento). Em contrapartida, observe-se o melhor controle pressórico com a utilização da hidroclorotiazida.


Considering the scarcity of data regarding hypertension treatment at hospitals and clinics in São Luís, Maranhão, this study aims to identify the drugs most frequently used by this population, the associations among these medicines, the hypertension stage of the patients, and to estimate patients’ rates of compliance to treatment. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 462 patients registered in the Hypertension Program in Health Centers in the city of Sao Luis, with diagnoses of systematic arterial hypertension (HAS) for over six months, over 18 years of age, and mentally capable of participating in the study. The variables utilized included duration of hypertension, compliance to treatment, drugs most frequently used, and their associations. A physical exam was also employed to check cardiac frequency and arterial pressure, measure the hips and waist, and establish weight and height. The rate of adherence was 75%, a value probably overestimated. Monotherapy was the strategy most frequently used, and in this strategy, Captopril was the most prescribed drug, 65%. On the other hand, the best pressure control was obtained with the use of hidroclorotiazida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Data Collection , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/therapy , Brazil
7.
Ciênc. odontol. bras ; 8(3): 6-9, jul.-set. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-450410

ABSTRACT

Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos terapêuticos da própolis em ulcerações aftosas recorrente (UAR) do tipo minor em relação ao número de lesões, duração e freqüência das lesões. Setenta pacientes com UAR compuseram o grupo estudado que foi examinado conforme critério de inclusão pré-estabelecido. Quarenta pacientes que apresentavam UAR (idade média de 38,5 anos; 25 mulheres e 15 homens) foram selecionados e medicados durante os episódios recorrentes de UAR utilizando-se uma solução de própolis a 5% tendo o propilenoglicol como veículo. Os pacientes foram orientados a aplicar topicamente a solução três vezes ao dia, a partir dos primeiros sinais clínicos de UAR pelo período de um ano. Foi observada uma redução estatisticamente significante no número, freqüência e duração das lesões (p≤ 0,01). A solução de própolis utilizada como terapia das UAR nesse estudo não apresentou efeitos adversos e se mostrou benéfica no tratamento das ulcerações aftosas recorrentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stomatitis, Aphthous/therapy , Oral Health , Propolis/therapeutic use , Oral Ulcer/therapy
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